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目的 了解我国新生儿疾病的疾病负担和1990-2010年的变化规律,为制定疾病预防控制措施提供依据。 方法 利用2010年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2010)的结果,分性别和年龄组报告我国1990年和2010年新生儿疾病的患病数、死亡数、早死造成的生命损失年(YLL)、伤残造成的生命损失年(YLD)、伤残调整生命年(DALY)及它们的率,并计算各项指标20年间的增量和增幅。 结果 我国新生儿疾病 1岁组的患病情况、死亡情况和疾病负担指标均呈现下降趋势,与1990年相比,2010年的患病数、标化患病率、死亡数、标化死亡率、DALY、标化DALY率、YLL、标化YLL率、YLD和标化YLD率分别下降了42.18%、15.55%、75.76%、64.60%、75.70%、64.50%、75.76%、64.60 %、48.21%和24.37%。2010年男性的患病情况、死亡情况和疾病负担指标均明显高于女性。与1990年相比,2010年早产并发症的死亡及疾病负担情况总体呈现下降趋势,各年龄组的患病率均呈现上升趋势,0~6天组仍是疾病死亡和疾病负担较重的年龄组。新生儿脑病各项指标均呈现下降趋势。新生儿败血症和其他感染性疾病0~6天组引起的患病率、YLD率呈上升趋势,增幅分别为14.04%和14.33%。 结论 按性别和年龄段分组的疾病负担能更准确地反映不同新生儿疾病造成的影响,可有针对性地提出防治措施。 相似文献
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Yipeng Zhou Yunfan Tian Chongke Zhong Buren Batu Tian Xu Hongmei Li 《Neurological research》2013,35(11):988-993
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) on stroke incidence and find some high predictive clusters among Inner Mongolians in China.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2589 participants aged 20 and older from Inner Mongolia, China. The participants were divided into four groups according to the number of CVRFs and followed up from June 2002 to July 2012. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the clustering of CVRFs on the incidence of stroke. Area under curve was used to compare the effect of every cluster on stroke and find those having higher predictive value.Results: A total of 124 stroke occurred during the follow-up period. The incident stroke cases tended to be older and male; had higher prevalence of smoking, drinking, and family history of cardiovascular diseases (FHCVD); had greater waist circumference, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein levels at baseline compared with those who did not experience stroke. Unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of stroke in the participants with at least three CVRFs was 5.230 (2.646–10.336), compared with those without CVRF. After multiple adjustments, the result remained statistically significant (HR, 3.388; 95% confidence interval: 1.678–6.840). On the basis of FHCVD, clustering of hypertension with other CVRFs and clustering of diabetes with tachycardia had higher predictive value than other clustering.Conclusion: The clustering of CVRFs increased the risk of stroke. On the basis of FHCVD, the clustering of hypertension with other CVRFs and the clustering of diabetes with tachycardia had higher predictive value for stroke than other cluster. 相似文献
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TIAN Yun Fan ZHOU Yi Peng ZHONG Chong Ke BUREN Batu XU Tian LI Hong Mei ZHANG Ming Zhi WANG Ai Li ZHANG Yong Hong 《Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES》2016,29(7):467-474
Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1(ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke(IS) or coronary heart disease(CHD) in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein(CRP) level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs(95% CI) for IS and CHD were 1.33(0.84-2.12),1.14(0.69-1.88),and 1.91(1.17-3.11) in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1',‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1',and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population. 相似文献
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目的识别、分析乌兰浩特卷烟厂技术改造项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害,为该项目的职业病危害防护提供必要的建议和措施。方法采用现场调查、类比法和检查表法相结合的方法进行综合分析。结果该项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害因素主要有烟草尘、煤尘、矽尘、CO、NO2、SO2、H2S、噪声、微波辐射和高温。类比检测结果显示,烟草尘浓度的合格率为90%,有毒物质浓度全部合格,噪声强度的合格率为81.25%。结论该项目职业病危害较重,职业病危害防护需进一步完善。 相似文献
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目的识别、分析某铝电公司铝合金项目及配套预焙阳极系统的建设项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害因素。方法采用检查表法与类比法相结合的原则对该建设项目进行评价。结果该项目的选址、总体布局、生产工艺和设备布局、建筑卫生学要求、辅助用室等符合国家有关法规。主要存在氧化铝尘、氟化氢、二氧化硫、噪声、工频电磁场、高温、热辐射、沥青烟等职业病危害因素。类比企业车间粉尘TWA检测,仅铸造车间清包操作位超标2.52倍。该项目属于职业病危害严重的建设项目。结论该项目在生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害是可以预防的,从职业卫生角度分析该项目是可行的。 相似文献
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目的为进一步做好急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测,保持无脊灰状态。方法对内蒙古自治区通辽市2000—2008年AFP病例的流行病学特征及监测系统运转情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果通辽市共报告AFP病例114例,﹤15岁儿童非脊灰AFP病例年平均报告发病率为2.31/10万,合格粪便标本采集率为81.58%。根据病毒学分类标准,报告的AFP病例均为脊灰排除病例。结论继续保持无脊灰状态,做好常规免疫和AFP病例合格粪便标本的采集,提高AFP病例首诊报告率,是保持无脊灰状态的重要手段。 相似文献
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目的对医院消毒监测中存在问题进行分析。方法并按着《消毒技术规范》对医院消毒效果监测工作调查。结果医务人员缺乏消毒认识、检测材料质量不合格及检测设施不完善等是主要因素。结论为有效预防和控制医院感染,提高消毒质量,本文提出相应对策。 相似文献
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目的监测引起血液感染的腹泻病原菌的特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法收集解放军302医院2000-2010年分离自肝硬化患者血液的腹泻病原菌,分析其组成及耐药性。血液标本采用全自动血液培养仪(BACT/ALERT3D)进行培养,阳性标本用全自动微生物鉴定仪(Vitek2)鉴定,并进一步采用CLSI推荐的K-B法进行药敏试验。结果 2000-2010年血液培养阳性的肠道病原菌其140株,分离自140例患者,男性117例,占83.5%,40~60岁为发病高峰,占55.7%。引起血液感染的肠道病原菌以气单胞菌属居首位(75.71%),其次是沙门菌属(14.29%)、弧菌属(9.29%)和耶尔森菌属(0.71%)。各菌属对抗菌药物的敏感性有差异,气单胞菌属对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉的耐药率显著高于沙门菌属,而对左氧氟沙星的耐药率则显著低于沙门菌属(P<0.01)。气单胞菌属和沙门菌属存在多重耐药。弧菌属对多种抗菌药物敏感性较好。结论多种腹泻病原菌可引起血液感染,且耐药程度不同,应引起临床关注并加强监测。 相似文献
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